Gallium (atomic symbol: Ga, atomic number: 31) is a Block P, Group 13, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 69.723. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), slightly above room temperature. Thus gallium is often used as a temperature reference point because of its melting point. Gallium easily alloys with most metals, so it has been used to create low melting alloys. It is also used as a doping material for semiconductors and has been used to produce solid-state items like transistors and light emitting diodes.Elemental GalliumGallium is one of three elements that occur naturally as a liquid at room temperature, the other two being mercury and cesium. Gallium does not exist as a free element in nature and is sourced commercially from bauxite and sphalerite.   Currently, gallium is used in semiconductor devices for microelectronics and optics.